As the 2012 federal legislative fiasco over the debt ceiling—as well as any number of other spending bills proposed since then—demonstrated, balancing a budget can be like pulling teeth. Balancing a condo or HOA community's budget can sometimes seem just as arduous—the task can be incredibly difficult because there are so many moving parts. Making sure that a building or association isn’t wasting money is even harder but budgeting a necessary part of running and managing a building.

In the case of a co-op, a condo or an HOA, cutting costs is one sure way to bring a runaway budget under control but cost-cutting comes with, well, costs. Cut too deep, and not only may a board face backlash from residents if services and amenities are reduced, but they may find themselves in an even tougher spot if maintenance issues are left unaddressed and lead to bigger expenses down the road.

There are ways that co-op, condo and HOA administrators can reduce waste and save money without neglecting necessary maintenance and services, however––it's just a matter of working smarter and consulting the right professionals.

Trimming Smart

The first thing to do when taking a critical look at cost-cutting is to make sure that your building community or HOA is getting the best prices from the various companies and vendors you do business with. This is most effectively achieved by soliciting a minimum of three bids for any given contract, says Bruce Feldman, a partner with Feldman Sablosky Massoni & Co. based in Monroe Township, which handles accounting, auditing, taxes and advisory services for more than 250 condo and HOA communities.

But, he says, while condo boards should always look for inexpensive options, they should always make sure those options are the best ones—or else they will be spending a little today to spend more later. “I emphasize that the cheapest isn’t always the best,” Feldman says. “One has to do some research with regard to vendors—especially with the vendors who do repairs.”

Also, the professionals stress the importance of comparing 'apples to apples' when considering competing bids from different vendors, and making sure that the firms bidding on a given job are, in fact, experienced and qualified to do that particular type of work. If you get two bids on a painting job from two full-time painting contractors and one (much lower) bid from a plumber who does some painting work here and there on the side, keep in mind that if you go with the lowest bid, you'll very likely get what you pay for. Also, you may wind up having to hire one of the full-time painters anyway to come fix a botched job. “There are a lot of horror stories,” Feldman says. “You need to hire someone who has experience in the industry, and who has a proven track record.”

Another bad habit by which HOAs and condo buildings waste money is by shelling out top dollar for emergency repairs on high-ticket items like boilers, elevators, and HVAC units rather than having a systematic plan for regular maintenance of these elements, says Karen Sackstein, a CPA whose firm works with nearly 250 communities in New Jersey. She suggests also having janitorial contracts, and negotiating these for the best price with minimal increases for multi-year contracts.

Conserve Your Energy

One huge area where condo buildings can save money, is in energy investment projects, says Barry Korn, managing director of Barrett Green Management, which facilitates, consults and implements energy efficiency projects mainly in New Jersey, New York and Connecticut.

“Part of the reason that buildings don’t consider these projects is because they don’t think they have the money to spend on them,” Korn says. “But financing options are available to provide no upfront cost programs, and the savings pay for the costs.”

Of these kinds of programs, one of the biggest is master metering. Even when buildings have meters billed to individual units, there are savings when condos have the tariff differential between the rate than an individual owner would pay and the rate that the building would pay as a bulk purchaser, Korn says. “You have the opportunity to go out for competitive bids for electricity,” Korn says.

The Garden State has deregulated the energy industry. Since 1999, New Jersey businesses and residents have had the luxury of choosing which utility company from which to purchase gas, electricity, and heating fuel. The goal of the Electric Discount and Energy Competition Act (EDECA) was to enable New Jersey energy consumers to shop around and chose the energy provider that best suited their budget and service requirements.

As such, there are third party sources for energy in New Jersey and while it may or may not be economically sensible for an individual to switch when you do it at the building level, the savings can add up. Korn estimates that a building community or HOA can save between 25 and 30 percent or more through submetering or any other type of bulk utility purchase. Go to the New Jersey Board of Public Utilities website at www.state.nj.us/bpu/commercial /shopping.html for more information on choosing an energy service company (ESCO) supplier.

Putting in some kind of a smart meter system helps to lower the bills, Korn says and for example, lighting bills can be lowered with occupancy sensors.

“In the common area, you put in lighting sensors, because you don’t have to keep the lights on 24/7,” he says. “Those are substantial savings. We have experts who are able to understand the different issues and bring in the appropriate engineers. We’re able to implement this and to oversee the competitive bidding process, and to work with the property manager to get the best resolution.”

Other Likely Suspects

Energy efficiency isn’t the only place to save money; insurance is another big one. If your building is considering putting in an insurance claim, Feldman advises you to think twice. A history peppered with frequent claims can result in increased premiums or even outright cancellation of coverage—so carefully consider whether or not to run to the insurance company if some mishap occurs and your board or association is on the hook for only modest damages.

2013-14 was a very rough year in terms of snow removal services in New Jersey, and the cost of snow services may have set many condo communities back more than in previous years. Feldman encourages HOA administrators to consider waiting on landscaping upgrades, or other non-essential projects that could wait in order to save more money and balance the budget first.

“When an association is doing a pet project—especially when it comes to landscaping, you have to look at your budget and see if you have the excess funds that year to do it,” he says. “You shouldn’t just spend money if you’re already in the red, especially in 2014 when there’s a lot of snow removal and you’re already well over your budget.”

Other Ways to Make Money

In addition to finding ways to save money, there are also ways that a condo can make extra money. For example, if your building has a party room or a clubhouse, consider renting it out for outside events as that may be a potential revenue stream. Before you do that however, you must factor in costs, such as extra utilities for leaving the clubhouse lights on, plus heat and air-conditioning, and any additional liabilities that come with renting it out, Feldman says.

Another potential revenue stream—at least for taller buildings in the northern part of the state—is renting out roof space to cable television or wireless/satellite providers like a Comcast or Sprint for cellphone towers or dish antenna installation. “They should look to see whether they can do that, or a regular condo building could bring in a different vendor such as Comcast, and see if they can get extra money for marketing that vendor for the community,” Feldman says.

One move the professionals caution condo boards against doing is to unilaterally scale back or even eliminate amenities—even if few residents seem to be making use of them.

“Even though next to no one may be using it, you still have to keep the pool open,” Feldman says, and advises boards considering such a move to “check with your legal counsel, because those amenities are usually being offered when units are being sold or rented, and you can’t just take them away when you’ve already offered them to someone as part of the sale.”

Sackstein agrees. “Any decision that would materially affect the owner’s ability to utilize the common elements—closing the community pool, for example—would certainly require discussion and opinion from legal counsel,” she says. “That said, there is leeway in reducing services. For example, the changing the hours of operations for the clubhouse or pool area, or deciding to mulch the flower beds biannually rather than annually.”

Communicate and Participate

The most important thing to consider in all these cases are the wants and needs of your residents—and balancing those with their ability to pay for them, she says. “Transparency through regular communication and open meetings is imperative in these situations.”

Additionally, a proactive board should be constantly brainstorming with its management company and financial advisors to figure out other ways the community can save money. Sackstein says that this is a service a good accountant or advisor should be offering their clients on a regular basis. “Our firm provides the board of directors with operational recommendations for cost savings,” she says. “In addition, we consult with our boards year-round as needed. We provide ‘what-if’ scenarios for financing of major capital projects in order to meet the individualized needs of the community while keeping interest expense and other loan costs to a minimum.”

Board members should also make a point of getting to know as many unit owners as possible, because often those owners will have something of value to offer to the building community or HOA that can be done at little to no cost—which can save a lot of money for everyone.

“For example, in several of our client communities, volunteer members purchase and plant annuals under the direction of a landscaping committee,” Sackstein says. Not only does this save several thousand dollars a year in landscaper's fees, but it offers an opportunity for association members to have fun, get to know their neighbors, and collaborate in the beautification of their own community.

In smaller buildings, residents can make up a snow shoveling schedule so that they don’t have to hire a service—as long as everyone vote and agrees on this option.

In the final analysis, some buildings need more amenities and more costly features, while other can do away with some and can even make money by monetizing their amenity assets—it’s all about working together and figuring out what makes sense for each individual building or association.

In the end, saving money doesn't have to involve enormous sacrifices or death-defying feats of accounting skill—it can be as simple as taking a good hard look at your books, paying attention, and asking yourself and your board if you can work a little smarter to stay in the black.     

Danielle Braff is a freelance writer and a frequent contributor to The New Jersey Cooperator. Staff writer Christy Smith-Sloman contributed to this article.